太疯狂了forinstance(forinstance后面加什么)

For example, for instance和such as这3个词英文意思接近，都有“例如”的意思，多数情况下可互换。本文辨析它们之间微妙的差异。

 

这3个词英文意思接近，都有“例如”的意思，绝大多数情况下是可以互换的（这样表达上可以避免重复）如：例句1：I can play quite a few musical instruments, for example, the flute, the guitar, and the piano.。

例句2：I can play quite a few musical instruments, for instance, the flute, the guitar, and the piano.例句3

：I can play quite a few musical instruments, such as the flute, the guitar, and the piano.另外，for example的拉丁文缩写为e.g., 所以也可以这样：

例句4：I can play quite a few musical instruments, e.g., the flute, the guitar, and the piano.如果仅仅停留于共性，而不体会它们之间的差异，那不是学力学的笔者的split hairs风格（语言的任何feature能保留下来，一定有它的历史依据和逻辑原因）。

一、For example与such as的区别首先，在语法上，for example是插入语，可以放在句中任意位置，甚至可以放在句子前面，而such as中such是后置形容词（of the same kind as that already mentioned or being mentioned)，所以只能跟在所修饰的主词后面。

主词和such之间可以有逗号，也可以没有逗号没有逗号是“像……之类”之意，与for example的“例如”意思相差甚远（见Such as前面要不要逗号？）只有在主词和such之间加逗号的such as才有“例如”的意思。

在语义上, for example有“侧重于给例子让对方明白”的含义，而such as就只是让所修饰的主词丰富起来例如：例句5：Wear something simple, for example, a skirt and blouse. （通过举例让受众理解“穿简单”）。

例句6： A lot of my friends were there, John and Linda, for example.例句7：Mary has many hobbies, such as swimming, bowling, and running.

也正因为上述语义的差异，for example可以放在句首，通过它后面的句子，帮助受众理解它之前的“整个句子”，而such as 只能在所修饰主词后面例句8：My new roommate is awful. For example, she keeps using my toilet paper.。

例句9：Children should eat less junk food. For example, they should avoid eating burgers and chips.例句10：Children should avoid eating junk food, such as burgers and chips.

不引起歧义时, such as和主词之间可以有短语，如：例句11： We all face different stresses from every aspect everyday, such as family, occupation, and child-rearing.

但有时这样做会引起歧义，如：例句12：Some of the European languages come from Latin, for example, French, Italian, and Spanish. （可能被误解为French, Italian, and Spanish是Latin的具体示例）

例句13：Some of the European languages, such as French, Italian, and Spanish, come from Latin. （这便没有歧义了，所以such as应尽量靠在所修饰的主词后面）

在书写上，作为插入语，for example前后都有“，”，除非在句首（无前面的“，”）或句末（无后面的“，”）“such as”之后并无逗号二、For example与 for instance的区别。

二者之间差异很小，但是for example比for instance用得多，所以选取前者更保险例句14：The situation is slowly improving. Last month, for example, the company achieved record sales in Europe.。

例句15: It was obvious that her memory was failing; for example, she would often forget where she put her car keys.

例句16：Poor balance is a problem for a lot of older people, like my grandmother, for instance.例句17：Mobile devices are becoming less expensive. Sophisticated smartphones, for instance, can now be purchased for less than $100.

如果非要找出他们的差异，体会example和instance的差异：例句18：There are many instances of … （有许多实例）例句19：There are many examples of … （有许多示例）

      For example是侧重通过示例（更倾向于项目列表），让受众易于理解，而for instance侧重给出一个佐证的案例（一个事件的经过）例句20：My pantry is stocked with mostly canned foods. 。

For example, I have canned soups, beans, corn, and tuna, among others.例句21：I get the most embarrassed when I involuntarily make a sound in public. 

For instance, one time last week at the bank, I let a boisterous burp out, without even realizing that there was a crowd of people around me who could hear me. 

【英文科技论文写作之咬文嚼字】系列：语言表达的“焦点流”连续性怎么分清Expression, Equation, Formula, Identity呢?词汇的遗传与变异？respect, respective和respectively

刻意让语义模糊形同流氓——关于标点符号使用逗号，你算老几？奇葩“norm”, 楷模“范”作者简介陈奎孚，中国农业大学教授，博导2000年获得中国协和医科大学生物医学工程博士学位, 曾留学美国和日本长期从事力学、振动、信号处理、生物医学工程等领域工作。

曾获得部委级三等奖（两次）、北京市优秀教师、宝钢教育基金优秀教师、中国力学学会优秀力学教师和中国农业大学教学成果特等奖等奖励或称号发表论文100余篇，其中SCI/EI检索50余篇兼任《振动工程学报》、Mediterranean Journal of Measurement and Control

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