一篇读懂can的过去式(come的过去式)

Unit7 Teenagers should....clothes.【重点短语】1. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事a

 

Unit7 Teenagers should....clothes.【重点短语】1. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事allow doing sth. 允许做某事

2. sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls 16岁的孩子3. part-time jobs 兼职工作4. a driver’s license 驾照

5. on weekends 在周末6. at that age 在那个年龄段7. on school nights 在上学期间的晚上8. stay up 熬夜9. clean up 清扫10. fail（in）a test 考试不及格

11. take the test 参加考试12. the other day 前几天13. all my classmates 我所有的同学14. concentrate on 全神贯注于15. be good for 对…...有益

16. in groups 成群的，按组17. get noisy 变得吵闹（系表结构）18. learn from 向......学习19. at present 目前，现在20. have an opportunity to do sth. 有做……的机会

【重点句型】1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔。

2. They talk instead of doing homework.他们聊天而不是做作业3. He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm.允许他们熬到晚上11点。

4. We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often.我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多做这类事情5. What school rules do you think should be changed?。

你认为学校的哪些制度应该改一改了？6. The two pairs of jeans both look good on me.这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合7. The classroom is a real mess.。

教室太脏了8. Should I be allowed to make my own decisions?我应该被允许自己做决定吗?9. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream.。

只有这样我才能实现我的梦想10. They should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much a s they want.应该允许他们对业余爱好想练多长时间就练多长时间。

11. We have nothing against running.我们没有理由反对他跑步【考点详解】1. enough adv. 足够地 adj. 足够的形容词+enough 如：beautiful enough 足够漂亮。

enough+名词 如：enough food 足够食物2. stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事Please stop speaking. 请停止说话stop to do sth. 停止一件事去做另一件事。

Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话3. it seems + that从句 看起来好像……It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心4. yet 仍然，还 （常用在否定句或疑问句当中）

5. stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm. 我经常熬夜到12点6. 程度副词：always总是 usually经常sometimes有时 never 从不。

7. go shopping（去购物）， go fishing（去钓鱼）， go swimming（去游泳）， go boating（去划船）， go hiking（去远足）8. be strict with sb. 对某人严厉

如：Mother is strict with her son. 妈妈对她的儿子很严厉9. the other day 前几天10. agree 同意 反义词：disagree不同意 动词agreement 同意 反义词：disagreement 不同意 名词。

11. keep sb/ sth+ 形容词 使某人/某物保持……如：We should keep our city clean.我们应该保持我们的城市干净12. both…and… + 动词复数形式（both and本身也是一个非常重要的考点）。

如：Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball.13. learn（sth.）from sb 向谁学习（什么）如：Jim learnt English from his English teacher.

吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语14. at least 最少 at most 最多15. 花费：take ,cost, spend , paysth. take（sb.） time to do sth. 如：It took （me） 10 days to read the book.。

sth. cost（sb.）… 如：The book cost（me）100 yuan.sb. spend … on sth. 如：She spent 10 days on this book.sb. spend …（in）doing sth. 如：She spent 10 days（in）reading this book.

sb. pay … for sth. 如：She paid 10 yuan for this book.（大家注意这几个词的区分，take它的主语往往是it，spend和pay的主语是人，cost的主语是物，我们只要明白了这几点，做题就比较容易了）

16. have + 时间段+off 放假，休息如：have 2 days off17. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍18. think about与think of的区别① 当两者译为：认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用

I often think about/of that day. 我经常想起那天② think about 还有“考虑”之意，think of做为想到、想出时两者不能互用At last, he thought of a good idea.。

最后他想出了一个好主意We are thinking about going Qinzhou.我们正在考虑去钦州19. care about sb. 关心某人如：Mother often care about her son.。

20. also：也，用于句中I am also a student. 我也是一个学生either：也，用于否定句且用于句末I am not a student, either. 我也不是一个学生too：也，用于肯定句且用于句末。

I am a student, too. 我也是一个学生（要记住它们分别用在什么句子中，以及用在什么位置）【重点语法】语态1. 两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

Cats eat fish.（主动语态）猫吃鱼Fish is eaten by cats.（被动语态）鱼被猫吃2. 被动语态的构成由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化。

倒装句由so+助动词（be/do/will/have）/情态动词+主语，意为：…也是一样She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校，他也是。

Unit8 It must belong to Carla.【重点短语】1. be long to 属于2. listen to classical music 听古典音乐3. at school 上学；求学

4. go to the concert 去听音乐会5. have any/some idea 知道6. a math test on algebra 有关代数的数学考试7. the final exam 期末考试

8. because of 因为9. a present for his mother 送给她妈妈的礼物10. run for exercise 跑步锻炼【重点句型】1. If you have any idea where might be please call me.

如果你知道它可能在哪，请打电话给我2. It’s crucial that I study for it because it counts 30% to the final exam.关键是我必须学，因为它占期末考试的30%。

3. What do you think “anxious“ means?你认为“anxious”是什么意思？4. He could be running for exercise.他可能是正在跑步锻炼身体。

5. He might be running to catch a bus.他可能是正在跑着赶公共汽车6. Why do you think the man is running?你觉得那个男的为什么跑？。

【考点详解】1. 情态动词must, may , might, could, may , cant表示推测含义，后面都接动词原形，都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和推断，但他们含义有所不同must 一定，肯定 （100%的可能性）。

may, might, could 有可能，也许 （20%-80%的可能性）cant 不可能，不会 （可能性几乎为零）2. whose：谁的，是个疑问词，作定语，后面接名词如：---Whose book is this?

---This is Lilys.3. hear 听，强调听的结果listen 听，强调听的动作Did you hear? 你听到了吗？（指听的结果）I often listen to the music. 我经常听音乐。

（指听的动作）4. 当play 指弹奏西洋乐器时，常在乐器前用定冠词theplay the guitar；play the piano；play the violin当play 指进行球类运动时，则不用定冠词

play football；play basketball；play baseball5. if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时If you dont hurry up, youll be late.。

如果你不快点，你将会迟到6. if you have any idea= if you know 如果你知道7. on 关于（学术，科目）9. because of：由于because：因为，它们的用法是：。

because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语（这是一个重要的短语）because + 从句I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因我得搬家。

10. own v. - owner n.listen v. - listener n.learn v. - learner n.11. catch a bus 赶公车12. neighbor 邻居，指人

neighborhood 邻居，指地区也可指附近地区的人13. local 当地的 如：local teacher 当地的教师16. anything strange 一些奇怪的东西当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时，放在这些词的后面（重要，切记）

17. there be sb./sth. doing 有…...正在......There is a cat eating fish.18. escape from… 从哪里逃跑出来（常考短语）He escaped from the burning building. 他从燃烧的建筑中逃出来。

19. an ocean of + 名词 极多的，用不尽的 如：an ocean of energy.20. unhappy 不高兴的 反义词：happy 高兴的22. dishonest 不诚实的 反义词：honest 诚实的

23. get on 上车 get off 下车（掌握住这两个短语的意思）24. use up 用光，用完They have used up all the money.他们已经用完了所有的钱25. attempt to do 试图做某事（重要考点，大家记着attempt后面用的是不定式to do）。

The boys attempted to leave for Beijing.男孩子们试图想去北京26. wake 是个动词，意思是唤醒，常用的词组：wake up 意为醒来Please wake me up at 8 oclock. 请在8点钟叫醒我。

27. look for 寻找，强调找的动作（重要）find 找到，强调找的结果I am looking for a pen. 我正在找一支笔（指找的动作）I found my pen just now. 我刚刚找到了我的笔。

（指找的结果）28. try ones best to do sth. 尽某人的最大努力去做某事（注意best后面跟的不定式to do是考试的重点）He tried his best to run. 他尽他的最大努力去跑。

【重点语法】现在完成时态（一）现在完成时的基本结构肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）（二）现在完成时的用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。

I have already posted the photo.我已经邮寄出了照片与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语，如already（肯定句句中）, yet（否定句/疑问句句尾）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。

2. 现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻，持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。

)此种用法常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用谓语动词必须是延续性动词有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：go out----be out finish----be over open----be open

die----be dead buy---have fall ill---be ill come back----be back catch a cold----have a cold（三）现在完成时常见考法

对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查“瞬间动词”不能与表示一段时间的状语连用”这一知识点【典型例题】

His father_____the party since 1978A.joind B.has joined C.was in D.has been in答案：D解析：本题考查学生对现在完成时的熟练掌握。

since 1978表达“自从1978年一直到现在”，表示这件事情从过去一直持续到现在，应该用现在完成时，而且动词必须是延续性动词，A、B均为瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，故排除；C为一般过去时，也不行过去分词的规则变化

动词过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的规则变化相同① 一般情况下，在词尾直接加“ ed ”work---worked---worked visit---visited---visited② 以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived ③ 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”study---studied---studied cry---cried---cried。

④ 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop---stopped---stopped drop---dropped--dropped6过去分词的不规则变化

【典型考例1】----Is everyone here, Jonathan? ----No. Sir. Millie is absent. She for two days.A.has fallen ill B. has been ill C. fell ill D. was ill

【析】正确答案B句意是：乔纳森，人到齐了吗？老师，没有米莉缺席了她生病已经两天了Fall ill与be ill都表示“生病”，但fall ill为非延续性动词，在现在完成时中不可与段时间连用，须转换为be ill才可以，所以，正确答案为B。

【典型考例2】---Jenny, your new tape player looks great. ----Oh, it’s not new. I _____ it for three years.

A.buy B.have had C.bought D.have bought 【析】正确答案：B句意是：詹妮，你的新随身听看上很不错啊！哦，它不是新的我已经买了3年了非延续性动词buy在现在完成时中，不可与段时间状语连用，因此，须转换为延续性同义动词have或own。

所以，正确答案为B 【强化练习】一、根据汉语意义或首字母提示，写出正确单词1. I haven’t ________ (收到…来信) from Sally before.2.I’m very hungry . I haven’t e_______ anything since 7:00 this morning 。

3. Bob and Jim have been good friends_______(自从)they joined the same tennis team.二、用所给单词的正确形式填空1.The writer is so popular that he _______(sell) more than 200,000 books so far.

2.---I____ (have a fever)since last night. ---You’d better go to see a doctor. 3.So far, the couple ___________ (not change) their flat since they had a second child.

4.Jim has never ________(be) to Mount Tai in China.5. Sandy borrowed the novel from the library last week and ________(keep) it for 5 days.

6.Cathy and Linda ( not be) back to their hometown for two years.7.----Can you go walking in the park with me, Daisy?

----Sure. I (finish)my DIY project.三、单项选择1.（2019山东临沂） Melting ice (融冰) can cause sea levels to rise. Since 1993, sea levels _________at a speed of 3.2 cm every 10 years.

A. rose B. have risen C. rise2.（2019安徽）—Its ten years since we came here—How time flies! We ____ in China for so long.

A. work B. worked C. will work D. have worked3.（2019江苏泰州）---Have you ever been to Shanghai?---Of course. Actually, I _________there for six years but now I live in Taizhou.

A. worked B. was workingC. would work D. have worked4.（2019湖北武汉）. I ate some fruit, which I ______ since I was a child, and the vegetables from my garden.

A. have enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoy D.had enjoyed5.（2019湖南郴州）---- Where is Mr. Green?---- He the bookshop. You have to wait for him.

A. was going to B. has gone to C. has been to6.（2019广东） My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda.

A. was working B. is working C. has workedD. will work7.（2019湖北襄阳）.---- Why won’t we play basketball with Class 4 this afternoon?

---Because they _ Longzhong for a study trip. A. have gone to B. have been to C. had gone to D. had been to

8.（2019湖北随州）—Your new bike is so nice! When did you buy it? —In July. I _____it for two weeks.A.had B. have had

C. have bought D. bought9.（2019江苏淮安） ---Where are the teachers now? --- In the meeting room. They _________ the meeting for 10 minutes.

A. have begun B. have been onC. have hadD. have been held10.（2019湖北黄冈）---Where is Catherine? I havent seen her for days.

---She Wuhan. She’ll be back next week.A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to

11.（2019湖南长沙）I ______ abroad for several years, but I have never regretted my final decision to move back to my motherland.

A．am living B．lived C．have lived 12.---Linda has to Paris. How can I get in touch with her?---Don’t worry. She will call you as soon as she there.

A. been；will getB. been；getsC. gone；will getD. gone；gets13.---Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it?

--- In October. I it for two months.A. hadB. boughtC. have hadD. have bought14.---Look! My mother _____ a new dress for me.

----Wow, it looks very nice on you. A.is making B.has made C.will make 15.The shop in Wanda Square _____ for six years, but I _____ there so far.

A.has opened; haven’t gone B.has been open; haven’t been C.has been open; haven’t gone D.has been opened; haven’t been

16.---Have you ever _____ the Terracotta Army in Xi’an ? ----Yes. I went there last year. A.gone to B.been to

C.been in 17.Our school life a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.A. changes B. changed C. will change

D. has changed 18.----What progress Huawei _____ in recent years! ----No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world.

A.is making B.has made C. makes D. made 19.---How many letters you to your mother?--- 109 in all, since 2016.

A. has, writtenB. have, writtenC. did, writeD. are, writing20.---_____ you ever ______ Hong Kong --Zhuhai ____Macao Bridge ?

---Not yet. A.Did; visit B.Are; visit C.Have , visited 21.（2019哈尔滨）---Hi, Tom! _____ you ever ____ the Bird’s Nest ?

----Yes, I have. It’s fantastic. A.Have, been to B.Have, gone to C. Did, go to22.（2019黑龙江齐齐哈尔）As an exchange student, Alan_____ Qiqihar for one and a half years.

A.has been to B.has been in C.has gone to 23（2019四川广元）---How long have you__________ your cap? It looks cool.

---About two weeks.A. borrowed B. bought C. had24.（2019贵阳）Today, all the erhu masters play and praise Erquan Yingyue. It ____ one of China’s national treasure.

A.becomes B.became C.has become 25（2019贵州黔西南）----How many letters _____ you _____ to your mother? ----109in all, since 2016

A.has, written B.have; written C.did; write D.are ; writing 四、完成句子1.（2019四川达州）China has been able to make big planes like C919 with scientists’ great effects.

______ China ______ able to make big planes like C919 with scientists’ great effects?2.（2019辽宁盘锦）布朗(Brown) 一家人已经在上海生活10年了

3.（辽宁铁岭）复仇者联盟4》已经上映两个月了Avengers:Endgame for two months.4.（2019辽宁辽阳）他们已经采取行动挽救野生动物了吗？Have they _____ to save wild animals yet? 。

Key一、1.heard, 2eaten, 3since二、1.has sold, 2.have had a fever3.haven’t changed4.been5.has kept6.haven’t been

7.have finished三、1---5BDDAB; 6---10CABBA;11--15CDCBD; 16--20BDBBC; 21--25ABCCB四、1.Has, been2.The Browns/ The Brown family have been/ lived in Shanghai for 10 years/ since 10 years ago.

3.has been on4.taken action声明：整理自网络！