Turn All The Lights On是什么？turn all the lights on翻译！

今天是Translation with Elite English的第 19 天

 

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本文写于1982年7月22日，是冰心回忆故乡和童年的又一篇深情佳作。文章娓娓述来，形象地再现了童年时代家乡生活片断。

一九一一年秋，我们从山东烟台回到福州老家去In the autumn of 1911, we returned from Yantai of Shandong Province to our native place Fuzhou.。

【拓展】英语中表示时间的介词用法：1、in的使用（1）一个时间段前用in：in+年/月/季节/世纪（2）固定结构：in the morning/afternoon/evening例：in June 在六月；

in spring 在春天；in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代2、on的使用时间单位≥2以及星期的表述用on ：on+具体某日/星期几例：on Monday 星期一；on May 1在5月1号（其中5月是一个月份，1号是日，这儿就存在两个时间单位，因此用介词on。

）3、at的使用（1）在表示时间点，节假日前用at：at+时间点/节假日（2）固定结构：at night ，at noon例：at ten oclock在十点钟；at Christmas圣诞节4、固定搭配：

last night 昨夜；in the evening 在晚上；in time及时on time准时；在还乡的路上，母亲和父亲一再地嘱咐我，“回到福州住在大家庭里，不能再像野孩子似的了，一切都要小心对长辈们不能没大没小的。

祖父是一家之主，尤其要尊敬……”While on the way, my parents warned me again and again, “Since we’ll be living in a big family in Fuzhou, remember always to behave properly and never act like a naughty child. Show respect for your elders, particularly your grandpa, who is head of the family…”

(1) my parents warned me again and again中warn不要条件反射将其等同于“警告”这一种译法，还可表示“提醒；告诫；小心”等(2) Since we’ll…中since。

引导原因状语从句(3)【区分】remember to do记得去做（未做）的事情remember doing 记得做过某事(4) 不能再像野孩子似的never act like a naughty child。

对某人表示尊敬show respect for sb(5)一家之主head of the familyE.g. Women remain the head of the family economy.妇女掌管着家庭的生计。

【补充】Q：head 前究竟加不加冠词？A：head 用作名词，意思是“首领”、“领导”、“头儿”，应根据相应的职务进行汉译此时head 前一般不用不定冠词，而例如：The original founder is still head of the organization.。

原先的创立者现仍然是这个组织的领导He is (the) head of the English Department. 他是英语系主任He was the first non-Christian to be head of Chad. 。

他是第一位非基督教徒的乍得国家元首Bill was appointed head of the Election committee when the government crisis was over. 。

政府危机结束后，比尔被任命为选举委员会主席(摘自《薄冰英语惯用法词典》)到了福州，在大家庭里住了下来，我觉得我在归途中的担心是多余的After settling down in the big family in Fuzhou, however, I found that my previous worries on the way turned out to be unfounded.。

(1) however是增益成分(2) 定居，安顿下来settle down(3) 事实证明是…… turn out to be例如：（夏衍《野草》）结果，这一切答案完全不对 All the answers turned out to be wide of the mark.。

(4) Q:“unfounded”怎么理解？A:英义not based on reason or fact，没有理由或者依据的，这里引申为“多余的”祖父、伯父母、叔父母和堂姐妹兄弟，都没有把我当作野孩子，。

My grandpa, uncles, aunties and cousins never thought me a naughty child.(1) thought me a naughty child

：【补充】关于think的搭配（摘自葛传槼英语惯用法词典）：1．下面每组里的第一句比第二句普通：注意不可没有 of 而有 as，如不可说：I think it as a shame.This used to be thought as impossible.

2．下面四句意思相同：I think it a shame.I think it to be a shame.I think it is a shame.I think that it is a shame.

第三句和第四句比第一句和第二句通俗(2)Q:“伯父母、叔父母”怎么翻译？A:在英语中不分“爸爸方亲戚”和“妈妈方亲戚”，所以这里用uncles和aunties两词概括即可“堂姐妹兄弟”在英语中就可以用cousins一词概括。

大家也都很亲昵平等，并没有什么“规矩”We treated each other lovingly and equally. There never existed anything like “family rules of good behaviour”.。

(1) 此处“规矩”实指“家规”，故译作“family rules of good behaviour”(2) 并不存在、并没有…There never existed…【补充】表示地点的here和there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。

这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词：There’s Jim. 吉姆在那儿Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了我还觉得我们这个大家庭是几个小家庭的很松散的组合。

每个小家庭都是各住各的，各吃各的，I also found that the big family was a loose community of several smaller ones, which lived and ate separately.

(1) “几个小家庭的很松散的组合”译为a loose community of several smaller ones，其中不妨以community代替combination；community为近代英语所常用。

【拓展】国际社会the international community(2) which lived and ate separately：which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是ones（小家庭）各自有自己的亲戚朋友，比如说，我们就各自有自己的“外婆家”！

They each had their own relatives and friends, for example, their own in-laws.(1)【补充】Q：each在句中的位置A：不同词性位置不同。

①作限定词时：位于名词前E.g. Each boy has a gift.②作代词时：做主语-位于句首E.g. Each of the boys has a gift.；③做同位语-位于那个词之后E.g. I give the boys each a gift. /

The boys each have a gift.④作副词时，离开名词，跑到句子的其他地方，此时需要注意它在语义上管哪一个名词E.g. They will each appreciate…(2) Q：为什么“外婆家”译为。

in-laws？A:“外婆家”指由婚姻而结成的亲戚，类似“妈妈这边的亲戚”，如岳父母、妻子的兄弟姐妹等等，所以这里以in-laws一词概括就在这一年，也许是第二年吧，福州有了电灯公司我们这所大房子里也安上电灯，这在福州也是一件新鲜事，。

That year, or the year after, Fuzhou began to have its own power company and electric lights were to be installed in our big house too. That was something new in our home town.

(1) 文中“电灯公司”不必真按“电灯”之意译出电力公司power company；电灯electric lights(2) “这在福州也是一件新鲜事”中的“福州”未译作Fuzhou，而是译作home town。

（家乡）进行替换，避免短短一句中重复出现某词我们这班孩子跟着安装的工人们满房子跑，非常地兴奋欢喜！We kids, wild with excitement and joy, ran here and there in the house at the heels of the electricians.。

(1) wild with excitement and joy是补充语（有人亦称作主语补足语），也可理解为形容词（组）伴随状语，对we kids的状态进行补充说明其中，wild英义为full of very strong feeling，指感情炽烈的。

又，kids是同位语(2)到处、处处 here and there(3) Q：“跟着安装工人”能否译为“follow closely”？A:不算错，但是译文中的表达更贴切，且地道形象at the heels of。

原本就表示“紧跟着”，原文虽无“紧”字，但有其意我记得这电灯是从房顶上吊下来的，每间屋子都有一盏，Each room, I remember, had an electric lamp hanging from the ceiling.。

(1) I remember是插入语(2) hanging from the ceiling是lamp的后置定语厅堂上和客室里的五十支光，卧房里的光小一些，厨房里的就更小了The drawing room had a 50-watt bulb; the bedrooms each a lower-wattage one; the kitchens each an even-lower-wattage one.。

“厅堂上和客室里的五十支光，卧房里的光小一些，厨房里的就更小了”译文分句为相同句式，所以后两句分句中的谓语“had”就省略了，翻译中经常遇到，可以活用我们这所大房子里至少也有五六十盏灯，The whole big house at least had a total of some 60 electric lamps.。

(1)总计 a total of例如：A total of 2.5 million tickets are available.本次残奥会的门票总计250万张(2) Q：“五六十盏”为什么没有译成“fifty to sixty”？。

A：这里指虚数，是估摸出来的一个统计数字，所以译者也只译为some（about）sixty，但是非要译出fifty也是没错的第一夜亮起来时，真是灯火辉煌，我们孩子们都拍手欢呼！The first evening when they were turned on, the whole house was suddenly ablaze with lights. We kids clapped with joy.。

(1) The first evening when they were turned on：when引导定语从句，先行词是evening(2) 拍手欢呼clapped with joy其中，with joy。

作状语修饰clap(3) “灯火辉煌”译作was suddenly ablaze with lights，其中suddenly是增益成分，描述“打开电灯开关一瞬间屋内环境的变化”，文中虽无其词而有其意但是总电门是安在祖父的屋里的。

The master switch was fixed in grandpa’s room.总电门、主开关the master switch其中，master是形容词，表示“最大的；最重要的”，例如：the master bedroom主卧室；。

a master file/switch主文件/总开关祖父起得很早也睡得很早，每晚九点钟就上床了他上床之前，就把电闸关上，于是整个大家庭就是黑沉沉的一片！Grandpa, who kept early hours, would switch off all the lights when he went to bed at 9 o’clock in the evening, thus plunging the whole big house into deep darkness.。

(1) Q：“起得很早也睡得很早”可以直译吗？A:可以，但是这句话在英语有现成的表达：kept early hours如果逐字直译为got up early and went to bed early是没有错误，但是欠简洁。

(2)“整个大家庭就是黑沉沉的一片”按“房子陷入一片黑暗”之意译作plunging the whole big house into deep darkness.我们刚回老家，父母亲和他们的兄弟妯娌都有许多别情要叙，我们一班弟兄姐妹，也在一起玩得正起劲，都很少在晚九点以前睡的。

Having just set foot in our old home, we seldom slept before 9 o’clock in the evening. For it was but natural that after the long separation, my parents enjoyed hearty chats about the old days with their brothers and in-laws, and we kids of the younger generation played about together to our heart’s content.

(1)注意译文对句子顺序的调整，使得行文更流畅(2) Q:“it was but natural”中的but怎么理解？A：这里的but表示转折，但是可以理解为是两个分句的合并形式，这里被合并的两个分句就是：It is that after the long separation, my parents enjoyed....+but it is natural.。

(3)“刚回老家”译为Having set foot in our old home，其中set foot in是成语，作“进入”、“踏上”解(4) “妯娌”指兄弟的妻子，以in-laws表达即可(5) “正起劲”意同“尽情地”，所以译为

to our heart’s content为了防备这骤然的黑暗，于是每晚在九点以前，每个小家庭都在一两间屋里，点上一盏捻得很暗的煤油灯Hence, in anticipation of the sudden blackout at 9 o’clock, each small family would get a dimly-lit kerosene lamp ready in a couple of their rooms.。

(1) “防备”译为in anticipation of，意思相当于“预计到……（而采取措施）”(2) would get…ready in…：would + 动词原形可以表过去经常做的事情(3) 一盏捻得很暗的煤油灯。

a dimly-lit kerosene lamp，其中dimly-lit是合成形容词，构词法为：副词+现在/过去分词，E.g. far-reaching深远的、newly-built新建的一到九点，电灯一下子都灭了，这几盏煤油灯便都捻亮了，。

No sooner had the big house been blacked out on the hour than we turned up the wicks of all the kerosene lamps.

(1)准点地on the hour(2)blackout和black out是两种不同的词性(3)【补充】否定词及含有否定意义的词在句首，句子要部分倒装（只将助动词置于主语前，谓语其余部分置于主语后）这些词包括：never, no, not, not only, hardly, scarcely, rarely, little, seldom, nowhere, no sooner…than, hardly/barely/scarcely… when, not until…, at no time, by no means, on no account, in no way, in no case, on no condition, in/under no circumstances等。

大家相视而笑，又都在灯下谈笑玩耍And, looking and smiling at each other, we would continue to chat and play merrily by the light of the kerosene lamps.。

【区分】 借着…灯光by the light of…根据、按照in the light of…例如：He rewrote the book in the light of further research.

他根据进一步的研究重写了那部书只有在这个时候，我才体会到我们这个大家庭是一个整体，而祖父是一家之主！It was then that I realized what a complete whole our big family was, with grandpa as its head.。

(1) It was then that I…是强调句型其中，then表示当时;那时;届时等(2) Q:“a complete whole”怎么理解？Whole family不也是整个家庭的意思吗？A：这里的

whole是名词用法，一定要注意词性，句子就相当于our family was a complete whole.

unfounded adj. 莫须有的；无端的；没理由的；不依据事实的英文释义not based on reason or fact举例分析Speculation about adivorce proved totally

unfounded.　有关离婚的猜测证实纯属无稽之谈install v.安装；设置英文释义to fix equipment or furniture into position so that it can be used。

举例分析Hes getting a phone installed tomorrow. 　他明天要装电话ablaze  adj.猛烈燃烧英文释义burning quickly and strongly举例分析

The whole building was soon ablaze. 　整栋大楼很快就熊熊燃烧起来wick  n.烛芯,灯芯英文释义the piece of string in the centre of a candle which you light so that the candle burns。

举例分析It’s very hard to turn the wick up and down.这灯芯很难旋上旋下blackout n. 停电；断电；英文释义If there is a power blackout, the electricity supply to a place is temporarily cut off.。

举例分析There was an electricity black-out in a large area in the north of the country.该国北部大片地区断电naughty 。

adj. 顽皮的;淘气的;不听话的；英文释义If you say that a child is naughty, you mean that they behave badly or do not do what they are told.

举例分析Girls, youre being very naughty.姑娘们，你们真是淘气respect n. 尊敬;敬重;尊重；英文释义If you have respect for someone, you have a good opinion of them.。

举例分析I have tremendous respect for Dean.我非常敬重迪安exist v. 存在;实际上有；英文释义If something exists, it is present in the world as a real thing.。

举例分析 He thought that if he couldnt see something, it didnt exist.他认为自己看不见的东西就不存在separately adv. 单独地;分别地；。

英文释义If peopleor things are dealt with separately or do something separately, they are dealt with or do something at different times or places, rather than together.

举例分析Chris had insisted that we went separately to the club.克里斯坚持我们不要一块儿去俱乐部loose adj. 分组、安排、组织等松散的，随便的，自由的；。

英文释义A loose grouping, arrangement, or organization is flexible rather than strictly controlled or organized.

举例分析He wants a loose coalition of leftwing forces.他希望左翼力量形成一个松散的联盟。

从A地回到B地return from A to B一再嘱咐某人warn sb. again and again一家之主head of the family野孩子naughty child规矩family rules of good behaviour

电灯公司power company新鲜事something new厅堂drawing room五十支光50-watt bulb灯火辉煌be ablaze with lights拍手欢呼clap with joy

总电门master switch使陷入plunge sth. into sth.一起玩得起劲play about together to heart’s content捻得很暗的煤油灯a dimly-lit kerosene lamp

一...就no sooner...than

嘱咐篇：在还乡的路上，母亲和父亲一再地嘱咐我，“回到福州住在大家庭里，不能再像野孩子似的了，一切都要小心对长辈们不能没大没小的祖父是一家之主，尤其要尊敬……”While on the way, my parents 。

warned me again and again,“Since we’ll be living in a big family in Fuzhou, remember always to behave properly and never act like a naughty child. Show respect for your elders, particularly your grandpa, who is head of the family…”

“告诉他，他是团队的一员，”特朗普嘱咐道“Tell him he’s part of the team,” Mr. Trump instructed.所以就告诉了他各种鸟的性格和有关瞄准与射击的一些知识，并且。

嘱咐他必须寻找各种鸟去练习So he told him the different characteristics of various birds as well as how to aim and shoot. He also 。

advised him to practice shooting on various kinds of birds.只有我急得要哭，母亲却竭力的嘱咐我，说万不能装模装样，怕又招外祖母生气，又不准和别人一同去，说是怕外祖母要担心。

But I was nearly in tears from disappointment, and mother did her best to impress on me that no matter what, I must not make a scene, because it would upset my grandmother; and I mustnt go with other people either, for then grandmother would be worried.

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