internship_arena

原文如下:MY older son graduated from high school last week and has started a

 

来自纽约Times原文如下：MY older son graduated from high school last week and has started a pleasant job as a summer lifeguard. In four years we expect to attend his college graduation, and we hope the time there leaves him with great experiences, a love of learning and some idea how to get and keep a job.

It’s that last part of the equation that I’m going to focus on. My heart sinks every time I read a news story or opinion piece quoting employers who charge that four-year colleges and universities are failing to provide graduates with the skills they need to become and remain employable.

Of course, in many ways, this isn’t a new story.“A four-year liberal arts education doesn’t prepare kids for work and it never has,” said Alec R. Levenson a senior research scientist for the Center for Effective Organizations at the University of Southern California.

Mara Swan, the executive vice president of global strategy and talent at Manpower Group, agreed.“There’s always been a gap between what colleges produce and what employers want,” she said. “But now it’s widening.”That’s because workplaces are more complex and globalized, profit margins are slimmer, companies are leaner and managers expect their workers to get up to speed much faster than in the past.

“Employers are under pressure to do more with less,” Ms. Swan said.Unemployment rates for those with bachelor’s degrees or higher are still much better — at 3.8 percent in May — than those with only a high school diploma, which was 7.4 percent in May, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Nonetheless, a special report by The Chronicle of Higher Education and American Public Media’s Marketplace published in March found that about half of 704 employers who participated in the study said they had trouble finding recent college graduates qualified to fill positions at their company.

But, surprisingly, it wasn’t necessarily specific technical skills that were lacking.“When it comes to the skills most needed by employers, job candidates are lacking most in written and oral communication skills, adaptability and managing multiple priorities, and making decisions and problem solving,” the report said.

Jaime S. Fall, a vice president at the HR Policy Association, an organization of chief human resources managers from large employers, said these findings backed up what his organization was hearing over and over from employers.

Young employees “are very good at finding information, but not as good at putting that information into context,” Mr.Fall said. “They’re really good at technology, but not at how to take those skills and resolve specific business problems.”

This isn’t a dilemma just in this country, but around the world, Ms. Swan said. A global study conducted last year of interviews with 25,000 employers found that nine out of 10 employees believed that colleges were not fully preparing students for the workplace.

“There were the same problems,” she said. “Problems with collaboration, interpersonal skills, the ability to deal with ambiguity,flexibility and professionalism.”

But it’s easy for the issue to degenerate into finger-pointing.“If you sat down with a committee of professors,and told them students are not coming out with the skills they need, they would say, ‘you’re smoking something,’ ” Mr. Levenson said. “The trouble is, those skills are applied in a college context, not a workplace context.”

But, he added, “you can’t create a school-based curriculum that can help someone transition to being highly productive on the job in 10 days.”

In other words, the onus shouldn’t just be on universities; employers also need to step up to the plate.

The in-depth training programs and apprentice ships of the past are unlikely to come back, so companies must become more innovative in helping young employees come up to speed, according to a report released in May by Accenture, a management consulting and outsourcing company.

“Rather than simply bemoaning the inability to find employees with the skills required for available jobs, organizations must step up with new and more comprehensive enterprise learning strategies,” Accenture stated in a summary of The Accenture 2013 College Graduate Employment Survey,which queried 1,010 students graduating from college in 2013 and 1,005 who graduated in 2011 and 2012.

The problem, it said, is that most recent college graduates expect employers to provide on-the-ground training, but most of them don’t actually receive it.

“Based on these findings, as well as our own work with hundreds of companies around the world, it is hard to deny the conclusion that many employers have overblown expectations for the skills of new hires —believing falsely that recent college graduates should be able to hit the ground running,” the summary added.

Katherine LaVelle, who leads Accenture’s Talent and Organization group for North America, said the employers they talked to seemed more concerned about the lack of specific technical skills than broad ones like communication. But the overall issue of preparedness remains the same.

“Universities are not in the job of vocational training but they are in the job of evolving,” Ms. LaVelle said. “The magic lies in finding a model that’s appropriate for students to build skills, but palatable and effective for employers as well.”

It would seem that the job internships that college students, and increasingly post-college students, participate in would help prepare students for the working world, but experts say most are too short and not substantial enough. Longer, more in-depth ones at prominent companies are highly competitive.

“They’re incredibly helpful, but they’re not a cure-all,” Mr. Fall said.There is clearly no one answer, but the most important issue is communication between all sides, said Karin Fischer, a staff writer for The Chronicle of Higher Education, who helped write up the survey results.

“To what extent are employers and colleges having a conversation about what they really need?” she asked. “We see this more in the community college arena. Maybe we need more back and forth.”

It’s not that colleges and companies haven’t been trying to figure this out — and with varying success. In 2008, the Boeing Company ranked colleges based on how well their graduates performed within the corporation. The results weren’t made public, but Boeing did share them with colleges.

Richard Stephens, a former senior vice present of human resources and management at Boeing, told The Chronicle that some colleges took the findings seriously and worked with the company to refine their curriculums, while others dismissed them.

Boeing used that information to determine where the aerospace company focused its internship programs and hiring.

But a spokesman for Boeing said there were no plans for another such evaluation, saying it was “difficult to measure individuals in such a big company and difficult to implement over the long term.”

One way the industry is reaching out directly to new entrants in the work force is through a Web site, Jobipedia.org, started by the HR Policy Association. An employee posts a question and recruiters for the companies that participate answer it. One question may elicit several answers from different perspectives.

About 20 major companies — such as Gap, Merck and American Express — participated. And some 50 colleges, including Cornell, Duke University and Georgia Institute of Technology, have made the Web site available to students at their college career centers.

The questions range from career planning to interview issues to on the job concerns. For example, “Is it O.K. to have a drink at a business lunch?” elicited four responses. The consensus: Best to avoid it.

As Mr. Fall said, “colleges can’t be either/or anymore — a trade school or a liberal arts college. We need skilled people with well-rounded backgrounds and the ability to think constructively.”

You hear that, son?大学生就业为什么这么难？(二)译文如下：来自纽约TimesMY older son graduated from high school last week and has started a pleasant job as a summer

lifeguard. In four years we expect to attend his college graduation, and we hope the time there leaves him with great experiences, a love of learning and some idea how to get and keep a job.

我的大儿子上周高中毕业，开始了一份愉快的暑期救生员工作我们希望在四年后参加他的大学毕业典礼，我们希望这段时间能让他获得丰富的经验、对学习的热爱以及如何获得和保住工作的一些想法lifeguard[ˈlaɪfɡɑːd],作名词，救生员。

栗子：Hes more like a film star than a lifeguard, really. 与其说他像个救生员，倒不如说他像个影星，真的attend[əˈtend],作动词，参加; 出席。

栗子：Thousands of people attended the funeral.数千人参加了葬礼上 (学); 去 (教堂)栗子：They attended college together at the University of Pennsylvania.他们一起就读于宾夕法尼亚大学。

Attend to处理; 照料栗子：He took a short leave of absence to attend to personal business.他休了一个短假去处理私事It’s that last part of the 。

equation that I’m going to focus on. My heart sinks every time I read a news story or opinion piece quoting

employers who charge that four-year colleges and universities are failing to provide graduates with the skills they need to become and remain

employable.这是我要关注的这个等式的最后一部分每当我读到新闻报道或评论文章上说到雇主指责四年制大学未能为毕业生提供就业所需的技能时，我的心都沉了下去equation[ɪˈkweɪʒn]，作名词，。

等式栗子：X and Y in the equation are both unknowns. 等式中的X和Y都是未知数（多种因素的）平衡，综合体栗子：The equation is simple: research breeds new products.这个情况是简单的：研究孕育新产品。

opinion piece评论文章；观点类的文章栗子：This is an interesting research and opinion piece, and nothing more. 这只是个有趣的研究和观点而已。

quote[kwəʊt]，作动词，引用; 引述栗子：I gave the letter to the local press and they quoted from it.我把信交给了当地的报社，他们从中引用了内容。

作名词，引文; 引语栗子：The paper starts its editorial comment with a quote from an unnamed member of the House.该报社论以一位匿名议员的引语展开。

作动词/，名词，报 (价)栗子：Always get a written quote for any repairs needed.对任何所需的修理都索取一份书面报价作名词，引号 [非正式]栗子:The word "remembered" is in quotes.“”一词是打了引号的。

employable[ɪmˈplɔɪəbl]，做形容词，可雇用的栗子：People need basic education if they are to become employable.若想要受雇，人们需要基础教育。

Of course, in many ways, this isn’t a new story.当然，在很多方面，这并不是什么新鲜事儿“A four-year liberal arts education doesn’t prepare kids for work and it never has,” said Alec R. Levenson a senior research scientist for the Center for Effective Organizations at the University of Southern California.。

“四年的文科教育不会让孩子为工作做好准备，而且从来没有，”南加州大学有效组织中心的高级研究科学家亚历克·R·莱文森说liberal arts大学文科.栗子: It is the worlds only liberal arts university for deaf people. 它是世界上唯一一所为聋人开设的文科大学。

liberal[ˈlɪbərəl]，作形容词，开明的She is known to have liberal views on divorce and contraception.大家知道，她对于离婚和避孕持开明的观点。

自由的栗子：...a liberal democracy with a multiparty political system.…多党政体的自由民主国家慷慨的; 大量的栗子：As always he is liberal with his jokes.他总有讲不完的笑话。

Mara Swan, the executive vice president of global strategy and talent at Manpower Group, agreed.万宝盛华集团全球战略和人才执行副总裁玛拉·斯万表示同意。

“There’s always been a gap between what colleges produce and what employers want,” she said.“But now it’s widening.”That’s because workplaces are more complex and globalized, profit

margins are slimmer, companies are leaner and managers expect their workers to get up tospeed much faster than in the past.

“大学培养的的学生和雇主想要的员工之间总是存在差距，”她说 “但现在它正在扩大”这是因为工作场所更加复杂和全球化，利润率更低，公司更精简，管理人员希望他们的员工比过去更快地适应margin[ˈmɑːdʒɪn],作名词，。

差数栗子：They could end up with a 50-point winning margin.他们最后可能会以50点的优势获胜页边的空白栗子：She added her comments in the margin.她在页边空白处加上了她的评语。

余地栗子:The money is collected in a straightforward way with little margin for error.这笔钱是直接募集上来的, 几乎没有出错的余地。

边缘.栗子：...the low coastal plain along the western margin.…沿着西部边缘地带的低洼海岸平原短语 profit margin 利润率; 边际利润率; 利润幅度；边际利润。

slim[slɪm]，做形容词，苗条的; 纤细的栗子：The young woman was tall and slim.那个年轻女子个子高挑，身材苗条做形容词，薄的栗子：The slim booklets describe a range of services and facilities.那些薄薄的小册子描述了一系列服务和设施。

做形容词， (机会或可能性) 微小的栗子：Theres still a slim chance that he may become president.仍然有微小的可能他会当上总统作动词，缩减 [商业]。

栗子：The company recently slimmed its product line.该公司最近缩减了生产线lean[liːn],作动词，(身体) 倾斜栗子：Eileen leaned across and opened the passenger door.艾琳探过身来打开了乘客门。

作动词，把…靠 (在…上); 靠 (在…上)栗子：She was feeling tired and was glad to lean against him.她感到累了，乐意靠在他身上做形容词，清瘦而且健康。

栗子：Like most athletes, she was lean and muscular.像大部分运动员一样，她清瘦而且肌肉强健做形容词，（企业或机构）精简的栗子：...reforms which turned us into a lean and competitive nation.…使我们成为高效率、竞争力强的国家的改革。

get up to speed快速进入状况.跟上进度.栗子：You must get up to speed quickly. 您必须快速地跟上节奏“Employers are under pressure to 。

do more with less,” Ms. Swan said.“雇主面临着花小钱办大事的压力，”斯旺女士说do more with less花小钱办大事栗子：It allows for resource maximization; how we do more with less. 它有利于资源最大化，使我们用较少的资源做更多的事。

Unemployment rates for those with bachelor’s degrees or higher are still much better — at 3.8 percent in May—than those with only a high school

diploma, which was 7.4 percent in May, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.根据美国劳工统计局的数据，拥有学士学位或更高学历的人的失业率仍然要好得多—5月份为3.8%——比只有高中文凭的人的失业率要低得多，后者5月份为7.4%。

diploma[dɪˈpləʊmə],文凭.栗子：Ive just finished Level 2 diploma on design. 我刚刚获得了二级设计文凭Nonetheless, a special report by The 。

Chronicle of Higher Education and American Public Media’s Marketplace published in March found that about half of 704 employers who participated in the study said they had trouble finding recent college graduates

qualified to fill positions at their company.尽管如此，高等教育记事报和美国公共媒体市场3月份发表的一份特别报告发现，参与该研究的704名雇主中约有一半表示，他们很难找到有资格填补公司职位的应届大学毕业生。

Chronicle[ˈkrɒnɪkl]，作名词，按发生时间顺序编写或播放栗子： The series chronicles the everyday adventures of two eternal bachelors.这部丛书按时间顺序记载了两个终生未婚男子每天的奇遇。

作名词，编年史栗子：...this vast chronicle of Napoleonic times.…这本关于拿破仑时期的大部头编年史作名词，报栗子：...the San Francisco Chronicle.…旧金山报。

qualified[ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd],做形容词，有资格的; 有文凭的栗子：Are you qualified for this job?你有资格担任这项工作吗？有限度的; 有保留的栗子：The government has in the past given qualified support to the idea of tightening the legislation.政府过去对加强立法的观点给予了有保留的支持。

But, surprisingly, it wasn’t necessarily specific technical skills that were lacking.但是，令人惊讶的是，缺乏的不一定是特定的技术技能。

specific[spəˈsɪfɪk],做形容词特定的 (部位、问题、主题等).栗子：There are several specific problems to be dealt with.有好几个特定问题要解决。

确切的栗子：She declined to be more specific about the reasons for the separation.她拒绝给出导致分手的更确切的原因其形近词specified。

规定的；详细说明的栗子：He agreed to pay at specified rates per diem. 他同意每天按规定的数额付款“When it comes to the skills most needed by employers, job candidates are lacking most in written and oral communication skills, 。

adaptability and managing multiple priorities, and making decisions and problem solving,” the report said.

报告称：“就雇主最需要的技能而言，求职者在书面和口头沟通技巧、适应性和管理多个优先事项以及决策和解决问题方面最缺乏”adaptability[əˌdæptəˈbɪləti],作名词，适应性栗子：The adaptability of wool is one of its great attractions. 羊毛的适应性是其巨大的吸引力之一。

priority[praɪˈɒrəti],作名词，优先处理的事栗子：The governments priority is to build more power plants.政府的当务之急是建造更多的发电厂。

Jaime S. Fall, a vice president at the HR Policy Association, an organization of chief human resources managers from large employers, said these findings

backed up what his organization was hearing over and over from employers.人力资源政策协会是一个由大型雇主们的首席人力资源经理组成的组织，其副总裁杰米S.法勒说这些调查结果由他的组织从雇主那里得到的。

back up证实栗子：Radio signals received from the galaxys centre back up the black hole theory.从该星系中心接收到的无线电信号证实了黑洞理论。

备份栗子：Make a point of backing up your files at regular intervals.要特别注意定期备份你的文档支持栗子：His employers backed him up.他的雇主们支持了他。

Young employees “are very good at finding information, but not as good at putting that information into

context,” Mr.Fall said. “They’re really good at technology, but not at how to take those skills and resolve specific business problems.”

年轻员工“非常擅长寻找信息，但不太擅长将这些信息放到背景中，”福尔先生说“他们非常擅长技术，但不擅长如何运用这些技能并解决特定的业务问题”context[ˈkɒntekst],作名词，背景栗子：It helps to understand the historical context in which Chaucer wrote.这有助于理解乔叟创作时的历史背景。

语境栗子：Without a context, I would have assumed it was written by a man.如果没有一个语境，我会以为这是由一个男人写的This isn’t a 。

dilemma just in this country, but around the world, Ms. Swan said. A global study conducted last year of interviews with 25,000 employers found that nine out of 10 employees believed that colleges were not fully preparing students for the workplace.

斯旺女士说，这不仅是这个国家的困境，也是世界各地的困境去年对 25,000 名雇主进行的一项全球研究发现，十分之九的员工认为大学没有为学生做好充分的工作准备dilemma[dɪˈlemə; daɪˈlemə],作名词，进退两难的局面。

栗子：Here lies the American dilemma.这就是美国的困境“There were the same problems,” she said. “Problems with collaboration

, interpersonal skills, the ability to deal with ambiguity,flexibility and professionalism.”“有同样的问题，”她说。

“协作、人际交往能力、处理模棱两可的能力、灵活性和专业精神方面的问题”collaboration[kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn],作名词，(尤指著书或进行研究时的) 合作栗子：There is substantial collaboration with neighbouring departments.相邻的几个院系进行了通力合作。

通敌行为 [表不满]栗子：...rumours of his collaboration with the occupying forces during the war.…关于他在战争期间与占领军勾结的谣传。

ambiguity[ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːəti],作名词，模棱两可栗子：Its a work full of paradox and ambiguity.这部作品充满了似非而是及模棱两可之处professionalism[prəˈfeʃənəlɪzəm],作名词，专业性 [表赞许]。

栗子：We were impressed by the professionalism of the staff. 职员的专业素质给我们的印象很深But it’s easy for the issue to

degenerate into finger-pointing.但这个问题很容易恶化为相互指责degenerate[dɪˈdʒenəreɪt]，作动词，退化; 恶化; 堕落栗子：Inactivity can make your joints stiff, and the bones may begin to degenerate.不活动会使关节僵硬，骨骼因此可能会开始退化。

finger-pointing[fiŋɡəpɔintiŋ],作名词，指责，责难栗子：The closing of the Evergreen factory has prompted finger-pointing in Massachusetts. 常春工厂的关门关闭引发了对麻省的指责。

“If you sat down with a committee of professors,and told them students are not coming out with the skills they need, they would say, ‘you’re

smoking something,’ ” Mr. Levenson said. “The trouble is, those skills are applied in a college context, not a workplace context.”

“如果你坐下来去和一个教授委员会去交谈，告诉他们学生没有掌握他们需要的技能，他们会说，‘你们正在摧毁一些东西，’”莱文森先生说 “问题是，这些技能适用于大学环境，而不是工作环境”smoke something。

如果直译的话，意思为“抽什么东西”显然不合适，所以只能意译Smoke在口语中有“干掉；解决掉”的意思再结合语境，这里可以翻译为“正在浪费；摧毁他们”applied[əˈplaɪd],做形容词，应用的；实用的。

栗子：Vitamins can be applied externally to the skin.维他命可以外用于皮肤上其动词形式为apply申请，常与for连用But, he added, “you can’t create a school-based 。

curriculum that can help someone transition to being highly productive on the job in 10 days.”但是，他补充说，“你无法创建一个可以帮助某人在 10 天内过渡到高效工作的学校课程。

”curriculum[kəˈrɪkjələm]，作名词，总课程；课程栗子： The curriculum needs breadth and balance. 课程设置应该内容广泛而且均衡transition[trænˈzɪʃn; trænˈsɪʃn],作名词，转型。

栗子：The transition from school to work can be difficult. 从在学校念书到上班工作，这一转变有时候可真不容易productive[prəˈdʌktɪv],做形容词，

生产力高的栗子：Training makes workers highly productive.培训使工人们生产力很高富有成效的栗子：He was hopeful that the next round of talks would also be productive.他对下一轮会谈也会富有成效充满了希望。

In other words, the onus shouldn’t just be on universities; employers also need to step up to the plate

.换句话说，责任不应该只在大学； 雇主也需要加紧努力onus[ˈəʊnəs],作名词，责任; 义务栗子：The onus is on employers to follow health and safety laws. 雇主有义务遵行健康安全法。

step up to the plate开始行动栗子：With a testing year ahead, world leaders must step up to the plate. 考验之年当前，世界领导人们必须行动起来。

这个习惯用语来源于美国棒球比赛棒球场的形状是个大菱形这个菱形底下的那个角是整个棒球赛的中心：本垒在本垒的位置上有一块每边长十四英寸的菱形木板或者橡胶板，称为本垒板在step up to the plate这个习惯用语里，plate就是本垒板。

当轮到一名球员用击球时，这名球员先得踏上本垒板，也就是step up to the plate换句话说， step up to the plate，意味着他要开始击球了The in-depth training programs and

apprenticeships of the past are unlikely to come back, so companies must become more innovative in helping young employees come up to speed, according to a report released in May by Accenture, a management consulting and

outsourcing company.管理咨询和外包公司埃森哲 5 月份发布的一份报告显示，过去的深度培训计划和学徒船可能一去不复返了，因此公司必须更加创新，帮助年轻员工跟上进度in-depth[ˌɪn ˈdepθ],做形容词，深入彻底的。

栗子：The research involves in-depth interviewing.这一调查包括深入的采访apprenticeship[əˈprentɪʃɪp],作名词，学徒期; 学徒制栗子：After serving his apprenticeship as a toolmaker, he became a manager.在完成了工具匠的学徒期之后，他当上了经理。

innovative[ˈɪnəveɪtɪv; ˈɪnəvətɪv],做形容词，创新的; 革新的栗子：Why are so few companies truly innovative? 为什么真正创新的公司如此之少？。

outsource[ˈaʊtsɔːs],作动词，外包栗子：..companies that outsource IT functions.…将信息技术方面的工作外包的公司其名词形式为outsourcing.。

“Rather than simply bemoaning the inability to find employees with the skills required for available

jobs, organizations must step up with new and more comprehensive enterprise learning strategies,” Accenture stated in a summary of The Accenture 2013 College Graduate Employment Survey,which

queried 1,010 students graduating from college in 2013 and 1,005 who graduated in 2011 and 2012.埃森哲在对 1,010 名即将在2013年毕业的大学生以及1005名于2011年及2012年毕业的大学生进行的埃森哲 2013 年大学毕业生就业调查摘要中表示：“与其简单地哀叹无法找到具备现有工作所需技能的员工，企业还必须采取新的、更全面的企业学习战略。

”bemoan[bɪˈməʊn],作动词，惋惜; 埋怨栗子：Ms Bohley mourned that, but did not bemoan it.对此伯莱很伤心，但她并没有抱怨available[əˈveɪləbl],做形容词，。

可获得的栗子：All the options are currently available. 所有的方案现在均可选择有空的栗子：Mr. Leach is on holiday and was not available for comment.利奇先生在休假，没空作评论。

comprehensive[ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv],做形容词，全面的栗子：The Rough Guide to Nepal is a comprehensive guide to the region.《尼泊尔概览》是介绍该地区的一本全面指南。

enterprise[ˈentəpraɪz],作名词，公司; 企业栗子：There are plenty of small industrial enterprises.有很多小型的工业企业事业栗子：Horse breeding is indeed a risky enterprise.养马的确是一项有风险的事业。

创业栗子：He is still involved in voluntary work promoting local enterprise.他仍从事志愿工作推动当地创业开创力; 开拓精神栗子:...the spirit of enterprise worthy of a free and industrious people.…与一个自由勤劳的民族相称的开拓精神。

The problem, it said, is that most recent college graduates expect employers to provide on-the-ground

training, but most of them don’t actually receive it.它说，问题在于最近的大学毕业生希望雇主提供实地培训，但他们中的大多数人实际上并没有接受过on-the-ground。

在地上栗子：I crouched on the ground.我蹲在地上实地的；当场的形近短语 on the grounds 由于栗子：Owen was against it, on the grounds of expense.欧文因费用问题对此表示反对。

“Based on these findings, as well as our own work with hundreds of companies around the world, it is hard to deny the conclusion that many employers have

overblown expectations for the skills of new hires —believing falsely that recent college graduates should be able to

hit the groundrunning,” the summary added.“根据这些调查结果，以及我们自己与世界各地数百家公司的合作，很难否认这个结论，那就是许多雇主对新员工技能的期望过高——错误地认为应届大学毕业生应该能够 一触即发，”总结补充说。

overblown[ˌəʊvəˈbləʊn],作形容词，夸张的栗子：Warnings of disaster may be overblown. 灾难的警告可能是夸张的hit the groundrunning一炮打响；旗开得胜；快马加鞭干正事。

栗子："Amazon took its time to study the market and really hit the ground running," Putcha says. 普恰表示：“亚马逊花了很多时间来研究市场，确实是在脚踏实地地运营。

”联想一下跳出机舱张开降落伞空降到敌占区去的伞兵他们一着陆就得尽快脱离降落伞，立即带上武器冲向他们的目标因为他们都是一旦到位就快马加鞭地开展重要行动“If you sat down with a committee of professors,and told them students are not coming out with the skills they need, they would say, ‘you’re 。

smoking something,’ ” Mr. Levenson said. “The trouble is, those skills are applied in a college context, not a workplace context.”

“如果你坐下来去和一个教授委员会去交谈，告诉他们学生没有掌握他们需要的技能，他们会说，‘你们正在摧毁一些东西，’”莱文森先生说 “问题是，这些技能适用于大学环境，而不是工作环境”smoke something。

如果直译的话，意思为“抽什么东西”显然不合适，所以只能意译Smoke在口语中有“干掉；解决掉”的意思再结合语境，这里可以翻译为“正在浪费；摧毁他们”applied[əˈplaɪd],做形容词，应用的；实用的。

栗子✸✸：Vitamins can be applied externally to the skin. 维他命可以外用于皮肤上其动词形式为apply申请，常与for连用But, he added, “you can’t create a school-based 。

curriculum that can help someone transition to being highly productive on the job in 10 days.”但是，他补充说，“你无法创建一个可以帮助某人在 10 天内过渡到高效工作的学校课程。

”curriculum[kəˈrɪkjələm]，作名词，总课程；课程栗子✸✸： The curriculum needs breadth and balance. 课程设置应该内容广泛而且均衡transition。

[trænˈzɪʃn; trænˈsɪʃn],作名词，转型栗子✸✸：The transition from school to work can be difficult. 从在学校念书到上班工作，这一转变有时候可真不容易。

productive[prəˈdʌktɪv],做形容词，生产力高的栗子✸✸：Training makes workers highly productive.培训使工人们生产力很高富有成效的栗子✸✸：He was hopeful that the next round of talks would also be productive.他对下一轮会谈也会富有成效充满了希望。

In other words, the onus shouldn’t just be on universities; employers also need to step up to the plate

.换句话说，责任不应该只在大学； 雇主也需要加紧努力onus[ˈəʊnəs],作名词，责任; 义务栗子✸✸：The onus is on employers to follow health and safety laws. 雇主有义务遵行健康安全法。

step up to the plate开始行动栗子✸✸：With a testing year ahead, world leaders must step up to the plate. 考验之年当前，世界领导人们必须行动起来。

这个习惯用语来源于美国棒球比赛棒球场的形状是个大菱形这个菱形底下的那个角是整个棒球赛的中心：本垒在本垒的位置上有一块每边长十四英寸的菱形木板或者橡胶板，称为本垒板在step up to the plate这个习惯用语里，plate就是本垒板。

当轮到一名球员用击球时，这名球员先得踏上本垒板，也就是step up to the plate换句话说， step up to the plate，意味着他要开始击球了The in-depth training programs and

apprenticeships of the past are unlikely to come back, so companies must become more innovative in helping young employees come up to speed, according to a report released in May by Accenture, a management consulting and

outsourcing company.管理咨询和外包公司埃森哲 5 月份发布的一份报告显示，过去的深度培训计划和学徒船可能一去不复返了，因此公司必须更加创新，帮助年轻员工跟上进度in-depth[ˌɪn ˈdepθ],做形容词，深入彻底的。

栗子✸✸：The research involves in-depth interviewing. 这一调查包括深入的采访apprenticeship[əˈprentɪʃɪp],作名词，学徒期; 学徒制。

栗子✸✸：After serving his apprenticeship as a toolmaker, he became a manager.在完成了工具匠的学徒期之后，他当上了经理innovative。

[ˈɪnəveɪtɪv; ˈɪnəvətɪv],做形容词，创新的; 革新的栗子✸✸：Why are so few companies truly innovative? 为什么真正创新的公司如此之少？outsource

[ˈaʊtsɔːs],作动词，外包栗子✸✸：..companies that outsource IT functions.…将信息技术方面的工作外包的公司其名词形式为outsourcing.“Rather than simply 。

bemoaning the inability to find employees with the skills required for available jobs, organizations must step up with new and more

comprehensive enterprise learning strategies,” Accenture stated in a summary of The Accenture 2013 College Graduate Employment Survey,which

queried 1,010 students graduating from college in 2013 and 1,005 who graduated in 2011 and 2012.埃森哲在对 1,010 名即将在2013年毕业的大学生以及1005名于2011年及2012年毕业的大学生进行的埃森哲 2013 年大学毕业生就业调查摘要中表示：“与其简单地哀叹无法找到具备现有工作所需技能的员工，企业还必须采取新的、更全面的企业学习战略。

”bemoan[bɪˈməʊn],作动词，惋惜; 埋怨栗子✸✸：Ms Bohley mourned that, but did not bemoan it. 对此伯莱很伤心，但她并没有抱怨available。

[əˈveɪləbl],做形容词，可获得的栗子✸✸：All the options are currently available. 所有的方案现在均可选择有空的栗子✸✸：Mr. Leach is on holiday and was not available for comment.利奇先生在休假，没空作评论。

comprehensive[ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv],做形容词，全面的栗子✸✸：The Rough Guide to Nepal is a comprehensive guide to the region.《尼泊尔概览》是介绍该地区的一本全面指南。

enterprise[ˈentəpraɪz],作名词，公司; 企业栗子✸✸：There are plenty of small industrial enterprises.有很多小型的工业企业事业栗子✸✸：Horse breeding is indeed a risky enterprise.养马的确是一项有风险的事业。

创业栗子✸✸：He is still involved in voluntary work promoting local enterprise.他仍从事志愿工作推动当地创业开创力; 开拓精神栗子✸✸:...the spirit of enterprise worthy of a free and industrious people.…与一个自由勤劳的民族相称的开拓精神。

The problem, it said, is that most recent college graduates expect employers to provide on-the-ground

training, but most of them don’t actually receive it.它说，问题在于最近的大学毕业生希望雇主提供实地培训，但他们中的大多数人实际上并没有接受过on-the-ground。

在地上栗子✸✸：I crouched on the ground.我蹲在地上实地的；当场的形近短语 on the grounds 由于栗子✸✸：Owen was against it, on the grounds of expense.欧文因费用问题对此表示反对。

“Based on these findings, as well as our own work with hundreds of companies around the world, it is hard to deny the conclusion that many employers have

overblown expectations for the skills of new hires —believing falsely that recent college graduates should be able to

hit the groundrunning,” the summary added.“根据这些调查结果，以及我们自己与世界各地数百家公司的合作，很难否认这个结论，那就是许多雇主对新员工技能的期望过高——错误地认为应届大学毕业生应该能够 一触即发，”总结补充说。

overblown[ˌəʊvəˈbləʊn],作形容词，夸张的栗子✸✸：Warnings of disaster may be overblown. 灾难的警告可能是夸张的hit the ground running。

一炮打响；旗开得胜；快马加鞭干正事栗子✸✸："Amazon took its time to study the market and really hit the ground running," Putcha says. 普恰表示：“亚马逊花了很多时间来研究市场，确实是在脚踏实地地运营。

”联想一下跳出机舱张开降落伞空降到敌占区去的伞兵他们一着陆就得尽快脱离降落伞，立即带上武器冲向他们的目标因为他们都是一旦到位就快马加鞭地开展重要行动Katherine LaVelle, who leads Accenture’s Talent and Organization group for North America, said the employers they talked to seemed more concerned about the lack of specific technical skills than broad ones like communication. But the overall issue of preparedness remains the same.。

埃森哲北美人才与组织团队负责人凯瑟琳·拉维尔表示，与沟通等宽泛的技能相比，与他们交谈的雇主似乎更担心缺乏特定的技术技能但是，准备工作的总体问题仍然是一样的“Universities are not in the job of 。

vocational training but they are in the job of evolving,” Ms. LaVelle said. “The magic lies in finding a model that’s appropriate for students to build skills, but

palatable and effective for employers as well.”“大学的职责不是职业培训，而是发展，”拉维尔女士说 “神奇之处在于找到一种模式，既适合学生培养技能，又适合雇主。

”vocational[vəʊˈkeɪʃənl],做形容词，职业的栗子✸✸：He ought to get good vocational training. 他应该接受良好的职业培训evolve[ɪˈvɒlv],作动词，

进化栗子✸✸：Birds are widely believed to have evolved from dinosaurs.鸟类普遍被认为是从恐龙进化而来的使…逐步发展; 逐步发展栗子✸✸：Popular music evolved from folk songs.流行音乐由民歌演变而来。

palatable[ˈpælətəbl],做形容词美味的 [正式]栗子✸✸：...flavourings and preservatives, designed to make the food look more palatable.…用来使食物看起来更美味的调味品和防腐剂。

可接受的栗子✸✸：...a palatable way of firing employees.…一种可接受的解雇雇员的方式It would seem that the job internships 。

that college students, and increasingly post-college students, participate in would help prepare students for the working world, but experts say most are too short and not

substantial enough. Longer, more in-depth ones at prominent companies are highly competitive.大学生和越来越多的大学生毕业生参与的工作实习似乎有助于学生为未来的工作做好准备，但专家表示，大多数实习时间太短且不够充实。

知名公司的更长时间、更深入的实习竞争非常激烈internship[ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp],作名词，实习生的职位; 实习期 栗子✸✸：...an internship in surgery in New York.…一个在纽约做外科实习的职位。

substantial[səbˈstænʃl],做形容词大量的; 很大程度的栗子✸✸：He made substantial donations to charity. 他做了大量的慈善捐赠实质的；内容充实的。

栗子✸✸：They are making substantial claims for improved working conditions. 他们就改善工作条件提出了实质性要求prominent[ˈprɒmɪnənt],做形容词，

重要的; 著名的栗子✸✸：...the children of very prominent or successful parents.…非常知名或成功的人士们的孩子们突出的栗子✸✸：Here the window plays a prominent part in the design.这里，窗户在设计中有着突出的作用。

“They’re incredibly helpful, but they’re not a cure-all,” Mr. Fall said.“它们非常有帮助，但它们不是万能的，”法尔先生说cure-all。

[ˈkjʊər ɔːl],作名词，万灵药栗子✸✸：This solution isnt a cure-all. 这一解决方法并不是“百宝丹”There is clearly no one answer, but the most important issue is communication between all sides, said Karin Fischer, a 。

staff writer for The Chronicle of Higher Education, who helped write up the survey results.显然没有一个答案，但最重要的问题是各方之间的沟通，帮助撰写调查结果的《高等教育报》的特约撰稿人卡琳·菲舍尔说。

staff writer特约撰稿人，本报记者栗子✸✸：Neal is a potential Staff Writer for Get Rich Slowly. Neal是“缓慢变富”未来的专职作者“To what extent

are employers and colleges having a conversation about what they really need?” she asked. “We see this more in the community college arena. Maybe we need more

back and forth.”“雇主和大学在多大程度上就他们真正需要的东西进行了对话？” 她问到 “关于这些对话，我们在社区大学看到更多也许我们来来回回地需要更多沟通”To what extent在多大程度上。

栗子✸✸：To what extent is this true of all schools? 这在多大程度上符合所有学校的实际情况？back and forth反复地，来回地栗子✸✸：He paced back and forth. 他来回踱步。

It’s not that colleges and companies haven’t been trying to figure this out — and with varying success. In 2008, the Boeing Company

ranked colleges based on how well their graduates performed within the corporation. The results weren’t made public, but Boeing did share them with colleges.

并不是大学和公司没有试图解决这个问题——并且取得了不同程度的成功 2008 年，波音公司根据毕业生在公司内的表现对大学进行排名结果没有公开，但波音公司确实与大学分享了它们figure out解决栗子✸✸：We could figure out the pronoun problem. 我们可以解决这个代词问题。

理解栗子✸✸：I cant figure out how to do this. 我弄不懂怎样做这件事varying[ˈveəriɪŋ],做形容词，不同的；易变的栗子✸✸:He has got used to her varying moods. 他已经习惯了她变化多端的情绪了。

rank[ræŋk]，作名词，职位; 级别栗子✸✸：He eventually rose to the rank of captain.他最终升到了船长的职位作名词，(尤指较高的) 社会地位栗子✸✸：He must be treated as a hostage of high rank, not as a common prisoner.他一定要作为一个高级人质而不是一般囚徒来对待。

作动词，给…排名; 名列栗子✸✸：The report ranks the U.S. 20th out of 22 advanced nations.这份报告把美国排在22个发达国家的第20位corporation。

[ˌkɔːpəˈreɪʃn],作名词，大公司; 企业栗子✸✸：...multinational corporations.…跨国公司Richard Stephens, a former senior vice president of human resources and management at Boeing, told The Chronicle that some colleges took the findings seriously and worked with the company to 。

refine their curriculum, while others dismissed them.波音公司人力资源和管理部前高级副总裁理查德·斯蒂芬斯告诉《纪事报》，一些大学认真对待调查结果，并与公司合作改进他们的课程，而其他大学则不予理会。

refine[rɪˈfaɪn]，作动词，提炼栗子✸✸：Oil is refined to remove naturally occurring impurities.油经过提炼去除天然生成的杂质完善栗子✸✸：Surgical techniques are constantly being refined.外科手术技术正在不断得到完善。

dismiss[dɪsˈmɪs],作动词，不予理会；不受理栗子✸✸：Mr. Wakeham dismissed the reports as speculation.韦克厄姆先生把这些报道当作臆测而不予理会。

解雇栗子✸✸：...the power to dismiss civil servants who refuse to work.…解雇拒绝工作的公务员们的权力Boeing used that information to determine where the 。

aerospace company focused its internship programs and hiring.波音公司使用这些信息来确定这家航空航天公司的实习计划和招聘重点aerospace。

[ˈeərəʊspeɪs],航空航天.栗子✸✸：...the U.S. aerospace industry.…美国航空航天工业But a spokesman for Boeing said there were no plans for another such 。

evaluation, saying it was “difficult to measure individuals in such a big company and difficult to implement

over the long term.”但波音公司的一位发言人表示，没有进行另一次此类评估的计划，称“在如此大的公司中很难衡量个人，并且难以长期实施”evaluation[ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn]，作名词，评价；[审计] 评估；估价。

栗子✸✸：Procedures for evaluation are important. 评分标准很重要implement[ˈɪmplɪment],作动词/名词，实施; 执行栗子✸✸：Leadership is about the ability to implement change. 领导才能是一种实行变革的能力。

作名词，器具栗子✸✸：...writing implements.…书写用具One way the industry is reaching out directly to new entrants in the work force is through a Web site, Jobipedia.org, started by the HR Policy Association. An employee

posts a question and recruiters for the companies that participate answer it. One question may elicit

several answers from different perspectives.该行业直接接触新员工的一种方式是通过人力资源政策协会创办的网站Jobipedia.org 一名员工发布一个问题，公司的招聘人员会回答这个问题。

一个问题可能会从不同的角度引出几个答案reach out to把手伸向，接触.栗子✸✸：I dont feel safe to reach out to others. 我不觉得跟他人接触是安全的栗子✸✸：We must reach out to the earthquake victims. 我们必须对那些地震灾民深处援手。

entrant[ˈentrənt],作名词，参赛者栗子✸✸：All items entered for the competition must be the entrants own work.所有参赛作品必须是参赛者自己的作品。

新成员栗子✸✸：When I was an entrant, what I saw was a whole bullock.当我初学时，我看见的是一整条牛post[pəʊst],该词是比较常见的词，其名词意思为“邮件；岗位；标杆”。

动词意思为“张贴；公布；邮递；布置”在这里的意思为“发布”recruiter[rɪˈkruːtə(r)],作名词，招聘人员；征兵人员栗子✸✸：Every recruiter is different, which makes this a challenge. 每个招聘人员都是不同的，这点是个挑战。

elicit[ɪˈlɪsɪt],作动词，引起 (反应)栗子✸✸：These differences may elicit different brain responses. 这些差异可能引起不同的大脑反应。

perspective[pəˈspektɪv],作名词，思维方式; 看法栗子✸✸:...two different perspectives on the nature of adolescent development.…关于青春期发育特点的两种不同观点。

短语in perspective 正确地；符合透视法地栗子✸✸：Remember to keep things in perspective.记住要正确地看待事物About 20 major companies — such as Gap, Merck and American Express — participated. And some 50 colleges, including Cornell, Duke University and Georgia 。

Institute of Technology, have made the Web site available to students at their college career centers.

大约20家大公司——如Gap、默克和美国运通——参与了此次活动大约50所大学，包括康奈尔大学、杜克大学和佐治亚理工学院，已经向大学就业中心的学生提供了该网站Institute[ˈɪnstɪtjuːt],。

作名词，协会; 研究所栗子✸✸：...the National Cancer Institute.…国家癌症研究所作动词，制定 (规章、制度); 创立栗子✸✸：We will institute a number of measures to better safeguard the public.我们将制定许多措施更好地保护公众。

The questions range from career planning to interview issues to on the job concerns. For example, “Is it O.K. to have a drink at a business lunch?”elicited four responses. The

consensus: Best to avoid it.问题范围从职业规划到面试问题再到工作中的问题 例如，“在商务午餐时可以喝一杯吗？” 引发了四个回应共识是：最好避免它consensus[kənˈsensəs],作名词，共识。

栗子✸✸：There is a growing consensus of opinion on this issue. 对这个问题的看法日趋一致As Mr. Fall said, “colleges can’t be either/or anymore — a trade school or a liberal arts college. We need skilled people with 。

well-rounded backgrounds and the ability to think constructively.”正如法尔先生所说，“大学不能是其中之一/或不再是一所贸易学校或一所文理学院。

我们需要具有全面背景和建设性思考能力的技术人员”well-rounded[ˌwel ˈraʊndɪd],做形容词，面面俱到的；全面的栗子✸✸：All schools need to comprehensively promote education that ensures the well-rounded development of students. 各级各类学校都要全面推进素质教育。

多才多艺的栗子✸✸：A well-rounded man, known for his work in astronomy and mathematics. 汤姆森多才多艺，尤以数学和天文学上的成就著称。