skim(skimming与scanning的区别)学到了吗

Hi, everyone. Chris here from IELTS Advantage. com with another live les

 

视频加载中...Hi, everyone. Chris here from IELTS Advantage. com with another live lesson.大家好，我是来自 IELTS Advantage.com 的克里斯，为大家带来另一节直播课。

And in todays live lesson, were going to look reading ,specifically, do skimming and scanning work.在今天的直播课上，我们将学习阅读，特别是略读和扫读。

The reason for this video is lots and lots of students when you ask them "How do you get a high IELTS score in the reading test?", theyll say "Skimming and scanning", and they think that skimming and scanning are really really really important to know.

制作这个视频的原因是，很多学生当你问他们“你如何在雅思阅读考试中获得高分”时，他们会回答“略读和扫读”，他们认为略读和扫读非常非常重要To answer this question "Do skimming and scanning work?", the answer is "Yes and no".。

要回答这个问题“略读和扫读有用吗？”，答案是“有也没有”They are quite important, but not as important as you think.它们很重要，但没有你想象的那么重要。

They are tools in your toolbox, but theyre not the only tools that you need and theyre actually not the most important skills that you need in the reading test.

它们是你们的工具箱里的工具，但它们不是你们需要的唯一工具，实际上，它们也不是你们在阅读测试中需要的最重要的技能So, there are a few problems if you think that skimming and scanning are really really important.。

如果你认为略读和扫读是非常非常重要的，那么，我们需要关注几个问题The four problems are going to look at today are: Number one, many students are unsure of what skimming and scanning actually are.。

今天要讨论的四个问题是：第一，很多学生不确定什么是略读和扫读We get lots of students on our VIP course.我们的 VIP 课上有很多学生When they first come in and we chat with them, we say... asking questions about, "Reading. How do you think youre going to do well?", and they say, "Skimming and scanning. Teach me about skimming and scanning." We say, "Well, do you know what they are?" "No." And its very obvious that, you know, ninety percent of students dont actually know what skimming and scanning are, how to use them, and most importantly, when to use them.。

当他们第一次来的时候，我们和他们聊天，我们说......我们问：“关于阅读，你认为你怎么考高分？”他们说：“略读和扫读教我略读和扫读”我们说：“嗯，那你知道它们是什么吗？” “不知道”很明显，90% 的学生不知道什么是略读和扫读，不知道如何使用它们，最重要的是，不知道什么时候使用它们。

So, well look at what they are and we will look at when to use them.因此，我们将了解它们是什么，以及何时使用它们Number two, using them without thinking.。

第二，不加思考地使用它们Its very, its an overly simplistic strategy that a lot of students use when they think "Im just going to skim, then scan and magically, Im going to find the answer." It doesnt work like that.。

这是一种过于简单的策略，很多学生在他们认为“我只需要略读，然后扫读，然后神奇地，我就能找到答案了”不是这样的Number three, theyre using them inappropriately.。

第三，不恰当地使用它们Its a lot more complicated than just thinking: skimming, scanning, find the correct answer.。

这比想着“略读，扫读，找到答案”要复杂得多There are many many different types of questions that all require a different approach and a different strategy and require... some require scanning, some dont require scan scanning, some require skimming, some dont require skimming at all, some require both, some require it in different orders.。

有很多不同类型的问题都需要不同的方法和策略，并且需要......有些需要扫读，有些不需要扫读，有些需要略读，有些根本不需要略读，有些两者都要求，有些需要的顺序不同So, you need to be a little bit more... invest a little bit more time and finding out those questions and having strategies for them, look at that too.。

因此，你需要更......多花点时间找出这些问题并制定相应的策略Number four, ignoring the most important skill.第四，忽略最重要的技能There is a reading skill which is way more important for finding the correct answer which is your end goal, a lot more important than skimming and scanning.。

有一种阅读技巧，对于你的最终目标——找到正确答案来说，要重要得多，比略读和扫读要重要得多Okay, so, lets look at number one: what is skimming and scanning.。

好了，我们来看第一个：什么是略读和扫读So, the analogy I always use is imagine youre flying in a plane at 30,000 feet.我经常使用的类比是想象你在三万英尺的高空驾驶飞机。

Okay. So, what we want to do is we want to find the Apple store in San Francisco.那么，我们想要做的是找到旧金山的苹果商店。

So, if were flying... maybe we go down a little bit more, were flying over the Bay Area, okay.所以，如果我们在飞行......也许再低一点，我们会飞过旧金山湾区。

So, we have San Jose, weve got San Francisco, weve got Oakland here and the greater California area.好，这里有圣何塞、旧金山，我们这里有奥克兰和更大的加州地区。

Skimming just gives you a general idea of what is happening.略读只是让你对正在发生的事情有一个大致的了解The same as flying at, you know, 20,000 feet, flying very very high, youre not going to be able to find the Apple Store from there, you cant see it from there, youre too high.。

就像在两万英尺的高空飞行一样，飞得非常非常高，你从那里是找不到苹果商店的，你在那里看不到，你飞得太高了But it helps you orientate yourself; it helps you find generally whats going to happen so that you can focus here instead of, you know, being way over here and trying to find it here.。

但它可以帮助你定位；它可以帮助你找到大概会发生什么，这样你就可以把注意力集中在这里，而不是在这里，试图找到它You know that youre going to be in the San Francisco Bay Area.。

你知道你要去旧金山湾区Thats what skimming is like.这就是略读的意思Youre not looking at a lot of detail; youre not looking for the correct answer.。

你没有看到很多细节；你要找的不是正确答案Skimming is not going to help you find the correct answer in any question.略读并不能帮助你在任何一道题中找到正确答案。

What youre going to be doing is youre just generally understanding the general idea of what is going to happen and that is going to help you but its not going to help you get the correct answer.

你要做的就是大致理解将要发生的事情，这将会帮助你，但它不会帮助你得到正确的答案So, thats skimming.这就是略读A very very high-level view of everything helps you but its just the first step for many many questions.。

一个非常高层次的视角对你很有帮助，但这只是很多问题的第一步So, lets have a look.我们来看看Well go in here and we want to find the Apple Store in San Francisco.。

我们从这里进去，想找到旧金山的苹果商店Imagine we are flying this high, lets say 1,000 feet.想象我们飞这么高，比方说一千英尺So, from here, we still cant see the Apple Store but we can see the different districts and we can see the different areas of San Francisco.。

从这里，我们仍然看不到苹果店，但我们可以看到不同的地区，我们可以看到旧金山的不同地区So, what we know is that its in Union Square.我们知道它在联合广场So, what we need to do is scan for Union Square.。

我们要做的就是扫视联合广场So, look over here, no no no no, here, okay?看看这里，没有没有没有，这里So, its in Union Square.它在联合广场。

So, does this help us find the Apple store?这能帮我们找到苹果商店吗？No, but it helps us with the location, the general location of where it is.

不能，但它帮助我们确定了位置，它所在的一般位置And this is where scanning is very useful.这就是扫读非常有用的地方Imagine youre going to the cinema, alright, and you want to see... I dont know, what movie is in the cinema at the moment? Venom... is at the moment?。

想象你要去电影院，好吧，你想看......我不知道，现在电影院里有什么电影？《毒液》现在在上映吗？Okay, you want to see Venom.好，你想看《毒液》So, youre not going... and you look at the... all the listings, all the movies.。

那么，你不去......你看......所有的清单，所有的电影Youre not going to read every single movie and every single time.你不能一部一部电影，一个一个时间地看。

Youre going to quickly scan for Venom and then quickly scan for the time that youre interested in.你要快速扫视“毒液”，然后快速扫视你感兴趣的时间。

Same as here. Youre not going... imagine youre going trying to find the Apple Store, you wouldnt get a taxi into San Francisco and then just walk into every single neighborhood and every single district trying to find where it is.

这里也是一样你不会......想象一下，你要去找苹果商店，你不会坐出租车去旧金山，然后走到每个社区和每个区去找它You would scan for the location and then you would go there.。

你会扫视一下它的位置，然后你会去那里Thats the same with scanning in the test.这跟在考试中扫读是一样的Youre looking for the location of the correct answer.。

你在寻找正确答案的位置Its not going to help you find the correct answer, it will help you find where it is, okay?。

它不会帮你找到正确答案，它会帮你找到正确答案的位置，明白吗？So, skimming is a good way to think about it is what it is; scanning is where it is, the location, okay?

略读是一个很好的思考方式；扫读就是寻找答案所在的位置，明白吗？So, now, we know its in Union Square.现在，我们知道它在联合广场But to find the correct answer, we actually have to go to Union Square and we have to walk around and we have to find the Apple Store.。

但是要找到正确的答案，我们实际上必须去联合广场，我们必须四处走走，我们必须找到苹果商店But we actually have to go there and go at street level and look around and spend time walking around in order to see it.。

但事实上，我们必须去那里，走在街道上，环顾四周，花时间四处走走才能看到它And I was actually here last week and I was walking around, trying to find it.。

上周我就在这里，四处走动，想找到它I couldnt find it and because I wasnt paying attention.我找不到它，因为我没有集中注意力But you can see the difference between skimming, scanning and close reading.。

但是你可以看出略读、扫读和细读之间的区别Close reading is when you are at street level and you are looking at the sentences, you are looking at the paragraphs, you are spending time looking at things in a lot of detail in order to find the correct answer.。

细读像你站在大街上，你在看句子，你在看段落，你花时间去看很多细节，以找到正确的答案So, skimming helps, scanning helps, but they do not help you find the correct answer, you have to do more than that.。

所以，略读有用，扫读有用，但它们不能帮助你找到正确的答案，你必须做更多So, hopefully, if that analogy useful.希望这个类比有用So, thats problem number one: unsure of what they are.。

这是第一个问题：不确定它们是什么Problem number two, using them without thinking.第二个问题：不加思考地使用它们And this is not the students fault. This comes down to a very simplistic way of teaching these reading skills.。

这不是学生的错而是因为老师用了一种非常简单的方式来教这种技巧Many teachers have learned how to do it this way.许多老师已经学会了如何这样做I was actually taught how to do it this way incorrectly, but this is what is taught in many teaching books on how you help students become better readers.。

实际上，我也被错误地教过如何这样做，但这是许多教学书都是这样教的，关于如何帮助学生更好地做阅读You teach them to skim, then you teach them to scan and then they find the answer.。

你教他们略读，然后教他们扫读，然后他们就会找到答案And this is gone over into the IELTS test where teachers have learned how to... when theyre teaching general English, how to teach students in this way, and then they see an IELTS question, and they just tell them to do the exact same thing: you skim, then you scan, then you find the answer.。

在雅思考试中，老师们学会了如何......当他们教普通英语时，如何用这种方式教学生，然后他们看到一个雅思问题，他们只是告诉他们做完全相同的事情：你略读，然后扫读，然后你找到答案You very rarely find the answer doing this.。

你这样做很难找到答案In fact, you waste a huge amount of time doing this because sometimes, you need to skim, sometimes, you dont, sometimes, you need to scan, sometimes, you dont.。

事实上，你浪费了大量的时间，因为有时，你需要略读，有时，你不需要，有时，你需要扫读，有时，你不需要And normally, it doesnt help you find the correct answer.。

通常，这并不能帮助你找到正确的答案So, matching headings, sentence completion.匹配标题，补全句子These are two different types of question, all right?。

这是两种不同类型的题目So, matching headings is a type of IELTS reading question; sentence completion is a type of reading question.。

匹配标题是一种雅思阅读题；补全句子是一种阅读题There are true false not given, yes no not given, summary completion, all of these different types of questions.。

还有判断对错，判断是否，完成小结，所有这些题型So, each of these is testing different things: Matching headings, one of the things that its testing ability to understand general meaning; sentence completion, one of the things that its testing is ability to locate what the correct answer is.。

每一个测试都是在测试不同的东西：匹配标题，测试理解一般意思的能力；补全句子，测试的其中一项就是找出正确答案的能力So, for matching headings, youre going to be doing a lot of skimming, but youre not going to be doing any scanning.。

对于匹配标题，你需要做大量的略读，但你不会做任何的扫读So, youre wasting your time scanning with that question.所以，做这道题用扫读的方式就是在浪费时间。

With sentence completion, youre not doing so much skimming but you are doing a lot of scanning because thats one of the things that is being tested.

对于补全句子，你不用做太多的略读，但你要做很多扫读，因为这是这种题考的技巧之一So, if we go back here: Using them inappropriately.好，我们回到这里：不恰当地使用它们。

So, just saying "Okay Im going to skim, then Im going to scan, theyre going to find the correct answer", its a lot more complicated than that and you need to have a specific strategy for each of the different types of IELTS reading question because some of them will require it, some of them wont, itll be in different orders.

如果只是说“好吧，我要略读，然后我要扫读，我会找到正确的答案”，其实比这更复杂，你需要为每个不同类型的雅思阅读题制定一个特定的策略，因为它们中的一些将需要这些技巧，有些则不需要，有些顺序是不一样的If youre doing it this way, its just really really simple and you...。

如果你这样做，它真的非常非常简单，你......Normally, simple is good, in this context, it is not.通常，简单是好的，但在这种情况下，并非如此So, what is the most important reading skill?。

那么，最重要的阅读技巧是什么呢？The most important reading skill is close reading, all right?最重要的阅读技巧是细读What do I mean by close reading?。

我说的细读是什么意思呢？Close reading is when youre actually paying a lot of attention to the sentence and reading it in a lot of detail.

细读是指你非常注意句子并仔细阅读Skimming, youre not reading it in any detail whatsoever.略读，不会看很多细节Scanning, no detail whatsoever.。

扫读，完全不看细节Youre looking at it very very quickly.你以很快的速度去看Close reading is when you slow down and you read every single word and you think about those words and those sentences in that paragraph deeply in order to find the correct answer.。

细读是指你放慢速度，阅读每一个单词，深入思考段落中的单词和句子，以找到正确答案This is the most important skill and its one that most students dont have time to do because theyve wasted all the time skimming and scanning when they shouldnt be doing that, they should be focusing on actually reading carefully.。

这是最重要的技能，也是大多数学生没有时间做的技能，因为他们浪费了所有的时间略读和扫读，而他们不应该这样做，他们应该专注于细读So it actually helps you find the correct answer.。

所以它实际上帮助你找到正确的答案And the best way to think about skimming and scanning is skimming and scanning are just tools that help you get there.。

看待略读和扫读的最好方式是它们只是帮你寻找答案的工具But theyre not the be-all and end-all, they are just tools that will help you get to the correct answer.。

但它们并不是最终的结果，它们只是帮助你找到正确答案的工具But then, you have to go even further and this will take you more time to actually think about the correct answer.。

然后，你需要做更多，这将会花费你更多的时间去思考正确的答案So, what happens with many students is they spend a lot of time skimming, a lot of time scanning, and then they panic because theyre running out of time and then they dont actually put the time in that is required to read carefully.。

许多学生的情况是，他们花了大量时间略读，大量时间扫读，然后他们恐慌，因为他们没有时间了，他们实际上没有把时间放在需要细读的地方So, another way of saying close reading is just read carefully, doesnt mean read slowly, but it means read very very carefully and think about what youre doing.。

所以，细读的另一种说法是仔细阅读，并不意味着慢慢阅读，但它意味着非常非常仔细地阅读并思考你在做什么The reading test is as much a thinking test as it is a reading test.。

阅读测试既是关于阅读的测试，也是关于思考的测试So, if you want more information about IELTS, go to the website.如果你想获得关于雅思的更多信息，可以去我们的网站。

So, if we type in "IELTS"... ...and then type in "Advantage"... This might... this is in the maps, so thats going to take us in to show you the location of our office.

如果我们输入 IELTS然后输入 Advantage这也许......这是地图，这会带我们去，告诉你我们办公室的位置See if itll bring us to... not, dot in maps Yeah, its dot in maps rather than letting... it wont let us go into the normal website.。

看看它能不能把我们带去......不能，是地图上的点是的，它是地图上的点，而不是让......它不让我们进入正常的网站But if you go to our website which is IELTS Advantage and youll find a reading section there.。

但是如果你去我们的网站，也就是 IELTS Advantage，你会在那里找到阅读部分So, if you go to the website and click on "reading" and youll find lots of the strategies for the different types of questions in there.。

如果你去这个网站，点击“阅读”，你会发现很多不同类型的问题的策略The key is not to just read the strategies, it is implement them.关键不只是阅读策略，而是执行它们。

Find out... so find some practice questions and do them under exam conditions and repeat and repeat and repeat until youve mastered those strategies and that is really really going to help you.

找出......找一些练习题，在考试的情景下进行练习，反复练习，直到你掌握了这些策略，这对你真的很有帮助And youll see when you look at the strategies that some of them talk about skimming, some of them dont, some of them talk about scanning, some of them dont.。

当你看这些策略时，你会发现其中一些谈论略读，一些没有，一些谈论扫读，一些没有Um, youre doing the exact thing that you should be doing if you follow those strategies.。

如果你遵循了这些策略，你就会做你应该做的事情So, hopefully, you find that useful and if you need anything in the future, feel free to get in touch with us.。

希望你觉得这对你有用，如果你在未来需要任何东西，请随时与我们联系Um, we... normally, at the end of every month, we open up our doors to our VIP course.。

唔，我们......通常在月底会开放我们的 VIP 课程Were not going to do that this month because just too many people have joined and over the past month.。

但这个月我们不这么做，因为上个月太多人加入了We normally have like 30 places available, we dont this month.通常我们会有三十个名额，但这个月没有了。

So, sorry about that.很抱歉We do have a very very small number like three places available at the moment.。

我们现在还有几个名额，三个左右So, if you are interested in joining our VIP course, feel free to send me an email, its chris@ieltsadvantage. com. So, chris@ieltsadvantage. com and youll get all my contact details there, um, also here on YouTube, on Facebook, on Instagram, youll find us there.。

如果你有兴趣加入我们的 VIP 课程，请随时给我发邮件，地址是 chris@ieltsadvantage.com是 chris@ieltsadvantage.com，你会在那里找到我所有的联系方式，包括油管、脸书、 Ins 上都可以。

Hopefully, you find that interesting.希望你觉得有趣Let me know what you think about that and Ill see you again on Friday for another on matching headings.。

让我知道你是怎么想的，我会在周五再更新关于匹配标题的另一个新视频。Thank you very much. Byebye.非常感谢你们。拜拜。